# Python test set -- built-in functions



import test.test_support, unittest

from test.test_support import fcmp, have_unicode, TESTFN, unlink, \

                              run_unittest, run_with_locale

from operator import neg



import sys, warnings, cStringIO, random, fractions, UserDict

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", "hex../oct.. of negative int",

                        FutureWarning, __name__)

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", "integer argument expected",

                        DeprecationWarning, "unittest")



# count the number of test runs.

# used to skip running test_execfile() multiple times

numruns = 0



class Squares:



    def __init__(self, max):

        self.max = max

        self.sofar = []



    def __len__(self): return len(self.sofar)



    def __getitem__(self, i):

        if not 0 <= i < self.max: raise IndexError

        n = len(self.sofar)

        while n <= i:

            self.sofar.append(n*n)

            n += 1

        return self.sofar[i]



class StrSquares:



    def __init__(self, max):

        self.max = max

        self.sofar = []



    def __len__(self):

        return len(self.sofar)



    def __getitem__(self, i):

        if not 0 <= i < self.max:

            raise IndexError

        n = len(self.sofar)

        while n <= i:

            self.sofar.append(str(n*n))

            n += 1

        return self.sofar[i]



class BitBucket:

    def write(self, line):

        pass





class TestFailingBool:

    def __nonzero__(self):

        raise RuntimeError



class TestFailingIter:

    def __iter__(self):

        raise RuntimeError



class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):



    def test_import(self):

        __import__('sys')

        __import__('time')

        __import__('string')

        __import__(name='sys')

        __import__(name='time', level=0)

        self.assertRaises(ImportError, __import__, 'spamspam')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, __import__, 1, 2, 3, 4)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, __import__, '')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, __import__, 'sys', name='sys')



    def test_abs(self):

        # int

        self.assertEqual(abs(0), 0)

        self.assertEqual(abs(1234), 1234)

        self.assertEqual(abs(-1234), 1234)

        self.assertTrue(abs(-sys.maxint-1) > 0)

        # float

        self.assertEqual(abs(0.0), 0.0)

        self.assertEqual(abs(3.14), 3.14)

        self.assertEqual(abs(-3.14), 3.14)

        # long

        self.assertEqual(abs(0L), 0L)

        self.assertEqual(abs(1234L), 1234L)

        self.assertEqual(abs(-1234L), 1234L)

        # str

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs, 'a')



    def test_all(self):

        self.assertEqual(all([2, 4, 6]), True)

        self.assertEqual(all([2, None, 6]), False)

        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, [2, TestFailingBool(), 6])

        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, TestFailingIter())

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, 10)               # Non-iterable

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all)                   # No args

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, [2, 4, 6], [])    # Too many args

        self.assertEqual(all([]), True)                     # Empty iterator

        S = [50, 60]

        self.assertEqual(all(x > 42 for x in S), True)

        S = [50, 40, 60]

        self.assertEqual(all(x > 42 for x in S), False)



    def test_any(self):

        self.assertEqual(any([None, None, None]), False)

        self.assertEqual(any([None, 4, None]), True)

        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, any, [None, TestFailingBool(), 6])

        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, TestFailingIter())

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, 10)               # Non-iterable

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any)                   # No args

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, [2, 4, 6], [])    # Too many args

        self.assertEqual(any([]), False)                    # Empty iterator

        S = [40, 60, 30]

        self.assertEqual(any(x > 42 for x in S), True)

        S = [10, 20, 30]

        self.assertEqual(any(x > 42 for x in S), False)



    def test_neg(self):

        x = -sys.maxint-1

        self.assert_(isinstance(x, int))

        self.assertEqual(-x, sys.maxint+1)



    def test_apply(self):

        def f0(*args):

            self.assertEqual(args, ())

        def f1(a1):

            self.assertEqual(a1, 1)

        def f2(a1, a2):

            self.assertEqual(a1, 1)

            self.assertEqual(a2, 2)

        def f3(a1, a2, a3):

            self.assertEqual(a1, 1)

            self.assertEqual(a2, 2)

            self.assertEqual(a3, 3)

        apply(f0, ())

        apply(f1, (1,))

        apply(f2, (1, 2))

        apply(f3, (1, 2, 3))



        # A PyCFunction that takes only positional parameters should allow an

        # empty keyword dictionary to pass without a complaint, but raise a

        # TypeError if the dictionary is non-empty.

        apply(id, (1,), {})

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply, id, (1,), {"foo": 1})

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply, id, 42)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply, id, (42,), 42)



    def test_callable(self):

        self.assert_(callable(len))

        def f(): pass

        self.assert_(callable(f))

        class C:

            def meth(self): pass

        self.assert_(callable(C))

        x = C()

        self.assert_(callable(x.meth))

        self.assert_(not callable(x))

        class D(C):

            def __call__(self): pass

        y = D()

        self.assert_(callable(y))

        y()



    def test_chr(self):

        self.assertEqual(chr(32), ' ')

        self.assertEqual(chr(65), 'A')

        self.assertEqual(chr(97), 'a')

        self.assertEqual(chr(0xff), '\xff')

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, 256)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, chr)



    def test_cmp(self):

        self.assertEqual(cmp(-1, 1), -1)

        self.assertEqual(cmp(1, -1), 1)

        self.assertEqual(cmp(1, 1), 0)

        # verify that circular objects are not handled

        a = []; a.append(a)

        b = []; b.append(b)

        from UserList import UserList

        c = UserList(); c.append(c)

        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, a, b)

        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, b, c)

        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, c, a)

        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, a, c)

       # okay, now break the cycles

        a.pop(); b.pop(); c.pop()

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cmp)



    def test_coerce(self):

        self.assert_(not fcmp(coerce(1, 1.1), (1.0, 1.1)))

        self.assertEqual(coerce(1, 1L), (1L, 1L))

        self.assert_(not fcmp(coerce(1L, 1.1), (1.0, 1.1)))

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, coerce)

        class BadNumber:

            def __coerce__(self, other):

                raise ValueError

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, coerce, 42, BadNumber())

        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, coerce, 0.5, int("12345" * 1000))



    def test_compile(self):

        compile('print 1\n', '', 'exec')

        bom = '\xef\xbb\xbf'

        compile(bom + 'print 1\n', '', 'exec')

        compile(source='pass', filename='?', mode='exec')

        compile(dont_inherit=0, filename='tmp', source='0', mode='eval')

        compile('pass', '?', dont_inherit=1, mode='exec')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, 'print 42\n', '<string>', 'badmode')

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, 'print 42\n', '<string>', 'single', 0xff)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, chr(0), 'f', 'exec')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, 'pass', '?', 'exec',

                          mode='eval', source='0', filename='tmp')

        if have_unicode:

            compile(unicode('print u"\xc3\xa5"\n', 'utf8'), '', 'exec')

            self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, unichr(0), 'f', 'exec')

            self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, unicode('a = 1'), 'f', 'bad')





    def test_delattr(self):

        import sys

        sys.spam = 1

        delattr(sys, 'spam')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, delattr)



    def test_dir(self):

        # dir(wrong number of arguments)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, 42, 42)



        # dir() - local scope

        local_var = 1

        self.assert_('local_var' in dir())



        # dir(module)

        import sys

        self.assert_('exit' in dir(sys))



        # dir(module_with_invalid__dict__)

        import types

        class Foo(types.ModuleType):

            __dict__ = 8

        f = Foo("foo")

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, f)



        # dir(type)

        self.assert_("strip" in dir(str))

        self.assert_("__mro__" not in dir(str))



        # dir(obj)

        class Foo(object):

            def __init__(self):

                self.x = 7

                self.y = 8

                self.z = 9

        f = Foo()

        self.assert_("y" in dir(f))



        # dir(obj_no__dict__)

        class Foo(object):

            __slots__ = []

        f = Foo()

        self.assert_("__repr__" in dir(f))



        # dir(obj_no__class__with__dict__)

        # (an ugly trick to cause getattr(f, "__class__") to fail)

        class Foo(object):

            __slots__ = ["__class__", "__dict__"]

            def __init__(self):

                self.bar = "wow"

        f = Foo()

        self.assert_("__repr__" not in dir(f))

        self.assert_("bar" in dir(f))



        # dir(obj_using __dir__)

        class Foo(object):

            def __dir__(self):

                return ["kan", "ga", "roo"]

        f = Foo()

        self.assert_(dir(f) == ["ga", "kan", "roo"])



        # dir(obj__dir__not_list)

        class Foo(object):

            def __dir__(self):

                return 7

        f = Foo()

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, f)



    def test_divmod(self):

        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, 7), (1, 5))

        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, 7), (-2, 2))

        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, -7), (-2, -2))

        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, -7), (1, -5))



        self.assertEqual(divmod(12L, 7L), (1L, 5L))

        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12L, 7L), (-2L, 2L))

        self.assertEqual(divmod(12L, -7L), (-2L, -2L))

        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12L, -7L), (1L, -5L))



        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, 7L), (1, 5L))

        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, 7L), (-2, 2L))

        self.assertEqual(divmod(12L, -7), (-2L, -2))

        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12L, -7), (1L, -5))



        self.assertEqual(divmod(-sys.maxint-1, -1),

                         (sys.maxint+1, 0))



        self.assert_(not fcmp(divmod(3.25, 1.0), (3.0, 0.25)))

        self.assert_(not fcmp(divmod(-3.25, 1.0), (-4.0, 0.75)))

        self.assert_(not fcmp(divmod(3.25, -1.0), (-4.0, -0.75)))

        self.assert_(not fcmp(divmod(-3.25, -1.0), (3.0, -0.25)))



        self.assertRaises(TypeError, divmod)



    def test_eval(self):

        self.assertEqual(eval('1+1'), 2)

        self.assertEqual(eval(' 1+1\n'), 2)

        globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

        locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300}

        self.assertEqual(eval('a', globals) , 1)

        self.assertEqual(eval('a', globals, locals), 1)

        self.assertEqual(eval('b', globals, locals), 200)

        self.assertEqual(eval('c', globals, locals), 300)

        if have_unicode:

            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('1+1')), 2)

            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode(' 1+1\n')), 2)

        globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

        locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300}

        if have_unicode:

            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('a'), globals), 1)

            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('a'), globals, locals), 1)

            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('b'), globals, locals), 200)

            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('c'), globals, locals), 300)

            bom = '\xef\xbb\xbf'

            self.assertEqual(eval(bom + 'a', globals, locals), 1)

            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('u"\xc3\xa5"', 'utf8'), globals),

                             unicode('\xc3\xa5', 'utf8'))

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, ())



    def test_general_eval(self):

        # Tests that general mappings can be used for the locals argument



        class M:

            "Test mapping interface versus possible calls from eval()."

            def __getitem__(self, key):

                if key == 'a':

                    return 12

                raise KeyError

            def keys(self):

                return list('xyz')



        m = M()

        g = globals()

        self.assertEqual(eval('a', g, m), 12)

        self.assertRaises(NameError, eval, 'b', g, m)

        self.assertEqual(eval('dir()', g, m), list('xyz'))

        self.assertEqual(eval('globals()', g, m), g)

        self.assertEqual(eval('locals()', g, m), m)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'a', m)

        class A:

            "Non-mapping"

            pass

        m = A()

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'a', g, m)



        # Verify that dict subclasses work as well

        class D(dict):

            def __getitem__(self, key):

                if key == 'a':

                    return 12

                return dict.__getitem__(self, key)

            def keys(self):

                return list('xyz')



        d = D()

        self.assertEqual(eval('a', g, d), 12)

        self.assertRaises(NameError, eval, 'b', g, d)

        self.assertEqual(eval('dir()', g, d), list('xyz'))

        self.assertEqual(eval('globals()', g, d), g)

        self.assertEqual(eval('locals()', g, d), d)



        # Verify locals stores (used by list comps)

        eval('[locals() for i in (2,3)]', g, d)

        eval('[locals() for i in (2,3)]', g, UserDict.UserDict())



        class SpreadSheet:

            "Sample application showing nested, calculated lookups."

            _cells = {}

            def __setitem__(self, key, formula):

                self._cells[key] = formula

            def __getitem__(self, key):

                return eval(self._cells[key], globals(), self)



        ss = SpreadSheet()

        ss['a1'] = '5'

        ss['a2'] = 'a1*6'

        ss['a3'] = 'a2*7'

        self.assertEqual(ss['a3'], 210)



        # Verify that dir() catches a non-list returned by eval

        # SF bug #1004669

        class C:

            def __getitem__(self, item):

                raise KeyError(item)

            def keys(self):

                return 'a'

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'dir()', globals(), C())



    # Done outside of the method test_z to get the correct scope

    z = 0

    f = open(TESTFN, 'w')

    f.write('z = z+1\n')

    f.write('z = z*2\n')

    f.close()

    execfile(TESTFN)



    def test_execfile(self):

        global numruns

        if numruns:

            return

        numruns += 1



        globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

        locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300}



        self.assertEqual(self.__class__.z, 2)

        globals['z'] = 0

        execfile(TESTFN, globals)

        self.assertEqual(globals['z'], 2)

        locals['z'] = 0

        execfile(TESTFN, globals, locals)

        self.assertEqual(locals['z'], 2)



        class M:

            "Test mapping interface versus possible calls from execfile()."

            def __init__(self):

                self.z = 10

            def __getitem__(self, key):

                if key == 'z':

                    return self.z

                raise KeyError

            def __setitem__(self, key, value):

                if key == 'z':

                    self.z = value

                    return

                raise KeyError



        locals = M()

        locals['z'] = 0

        execfile(TESTFN, globals, locals)

        self.assertEqual(locals['z'], 2)



        unlink(TESTFN)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, execfile)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, execfile, TESTFN, {}, ())

        import os

        self.assertRaises(IOError, execfile, os.curdir)

        self.assertRaises(IOError, execfile, "I_dont_exist")



    def test_filter(self):

        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda c: 'a' <= c <= 'z', 'Hello World'), 'elloorld')

        self.assertEqual(filter(None, [1, 'hello', [], [3], '', None, 9, 0]), [1, 'hello', [3], 9])

        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x > 0, [1, -3, 9, 0, 2]), [1, 9, 2])

        self.assertEqual(filter(None, Squares(10)), [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81])

        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x%2, Squares(10)), [1, 9, 25, 49, 81])

        def identity(item):

            return 1

        filter(identity, Squares(5))

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter)

        class BadSeq(object):

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                if index<4:

                    return 42

                raise ValueError

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, filter, lambda x: x, BadSeq())

        def badfunc():

            pass

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, badfunc, range(5))



        # test bltinmodule.c::filtertuple()

        self.assertEqual(filter(None, (1, 2)), (1, 2))

        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>=3, (1, 2, 3, 4)), (3, 4))

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, 42, (1, 2))



        # test bltinmodule.c::filterstring()

        self.assertEqual(filter(None, "12"), "12")

        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="3", "1234"), "34")

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, 42, "12")

        class badstr(str):

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                raise ValueError

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, filter, lambda x: x >="3", badstr("1234"))



        class badstr2(str):

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                return 42

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, lambda x: x >=42, badstr2("1234"))



        class weirdstr(str):

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                return weirdstr(2*str.__getitem__(self, index))

        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="33", weirdstr("1234")), "3344")



        class shiftstr(str):

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                return chr(ord(str.__getitem__(self, index))+1)

        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="3", shiftstr("1234")), "345")



        if have_unicode:

            # test bltinmodule.c::filterunicode()

            self.assertEqual(filter(None, unicode("12")), unicode("12"))

            self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="3", unicode("1234")), unicode("34"))

            self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, 42, unicode("12"))

            self.assertRaises(ValueError, filter, lambda x: x >="3", badstr(unicode("1234")))



            class badunicode(unicode):

                def __getitem__(self, index):

                    return 42

            self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, lambda x: x >=42, badunicode("1234"))



            class weirdunicode(unicode):

                def __getitem__(self, index):

                    return weirdunicode(2*unicode.__getitem__(self, index))

            self.assertEqual(

                filter(lambda x: x>=unicode("33"), weirdunicode("1234")), unicode("3344"))



            class shiftunicode(unicode):

                def __getitem__(self, index):

                    return unichr(ord(unicode.__getitem__(self, index))+1)

            self.assertEqual(

                filter(lambda x: x>=unicode("3"), shiftunicode("1234")),

                unicode("345")

            )



    def test_filter_subclasses(self):

        # test that filter() never returns tuple, str or unicode subclasses

        # and that the result always goes through __getitem__

        funcs = (None, bool, lambda x: True)

        class tuple2(tuple):

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                return 2*tuple.__getitem__(self, index)

        class str2(str):

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                return 2*str.__getitem__(self, index)

        inputs = {

            tuple2: {(): (), (1, 2, 3): (2, 4, 6)},

            str2:   {"": "", "123": "112233"}

        }

        if have_unicode:

            class unicode2(unicode):

                def __getitem__(self, index):

                    return 2*unicode.__getitem__(self, index)

            inputs[unicode2] = {

                unicode(): unicode(),

                unicode("123"): unicode("112233")

            }



        for (cls, inps) in inputs.iteritems():

            for (inp, exp) in inps.iteritems():

                # make sure the output goes through __getitem__

                # even if func is None

                self.assertEqual(

                    filter(funcs[0], cls(inp)),

                    filter(funcs[1], cls(inp))

                )

                for func in funcs:

                    outp = filter(func, cls(inp))

                    self.assertEqual(outp, exp)

                    self.assert_(not isinstance(outp, cls))



    def test_getattr(self):

        import sys

        self.assert_(getattr(sys, 'stdout') is sys.stdout)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr, sys, 1)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr, sys, 1, "foo")

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr)

        if have_unicode:

            self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, getattr, sys, unichr(sys.maxunicode))



    def test_hasattr(self):

        import sys

        self.assert_(hasattr(sys, 'stdout'))

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hasattr, sys, 1)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hasattr)

        if have_unicode:

            self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, hasattr, sys, unichr(sys.maxunicode))



        # Check that hasattr allows SystemExit and KeyboardInterrupts by

        class A:

            def __getattr__(self, what):

                raise KeyboardInterrupt

        self.assertRaises(KeyboardInterrupt, hasattr, A(), "b")

        class B:

            def __getattr__(self, what):

                raise SystemExit

        self.assertRaises(SystemExit, hasattr, B(), "b")



    def test_hash(self):

        hash(None)

        self.assertEqual(hash(1), hash(1L))

        self.assertEqual(hash(1), hash(1.0))

        hash('spam')

        if have_unicode:

            self.assertEqual(hash('spam'), hash(unicode('spam')))

        hash((0,1,2,3))

        def f(): pass

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, [])

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, {})

        # Bug 1536021: Allow hash to return long objects

        class X:

            def __hash__(self):

                return 2**100

        self.assertEquals(type(hash(X())), int)

        class Y(object):

            def __hash__(self):

                return 2**100

        self.assertEquals(type(hash(Y())), int)

        class Z(long):

            def __hash__(self):

                return self

        self.assertEquals(hash(Z(42)), hash(42L))



    def test_hex(self):

        self.assertEqual(hex(16), '0x10')

        self.assertEqual(hex(16L), '0x10L')

        self.assertEqual(hex(-16), '-0x10')

        self.assertEqual(hex(-16L), '-0x10L')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hex, {})



    def test_id(self):

        id(None)

        id(1)

        id(1L)

        id(1.0)

        id('spam')

        id((0,1,2,3))

        id([0,1,2,3])

        id({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'ham': 3})



    # Test input() later, together with raw_input



    def test_intern(self):

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, intern)

        s = "never interned before"

        self.assert_(intern(s) is s)

        s2 = s.swapcase().swapcase()

        self.assert_(intern(s2) is s)



        # Subclasses of string can't be interned, because they

        # provide too much opportunity for insane things to happen.

        # We don't want them in the interned dict and if they aren't

        # actually interned, we don't want to create the appearance

        # that they are by allowing intern() to succeeed.

        class S(str):

            def __hash__(self):

                return 123



        self.assertRaises(TypeError, intern, S("abc"))



        # It's still safe to pass these strings to routines that

        # call intern internally, e.g. PyObject_SetAttr().

        s = S("abc")

        setattr(s, s, s)

        self.assertEqual(getattr(s, s), s)



    def test_iter(self):

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter, 42, 42)

        lists = [("1", "2"), ["1", "2"], "12"]

        if have_unicode:

            lists.append(unicode("12"))

        for l in lists:

            i = iter(l)

            self.assertEqual(i.next(), '1')

            self.assertEqual(i.next(), '2')

            self.assertRaises(StopIteration, i.next)



    def test_isinstance(self):

        class C:

            pass

        class D(C):

            pass

        class E:

            pass

        c = C()

        d = D()

        e = E()

        self.assert_(isinstance(c, C))

        self.assert_(isinstance(d, C))

        self.assert_(not isinstance(e, C))

        self.assert_(not isinstance(c, D))

        self.assert_(not isinstance('foo', E))

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance, E, 'foo')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance)



    def test_issubclass(self):

        class C:

            pass

        class D(C):

            pass

        class E:

            pass

        c = C()

        d = D()

        e = E()

        self.assert_(issubclass(D, C))

        self.assert_(issubclass(C, C))

        self.assert_(not issubclass(C, D))

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, 'foo', E)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, E, 'foo')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass)



    def test_len(self):

        self.assertEqual(len('123'), 3)

        self.assertEqual(len(()), 0)

        self.assertEqual(len((1, 2, 3, 4)), 4)

        self.assertEqual(len([1, 2, 3, 4]), 4)

        self.assertEqual(len({}), 0)

        self.assertEqual(len({'a':1, 'b': 2}), 2)

        class BadSeq:

            def __len__(self):

                raise ValueError

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, len, BadSeq())



    def test_map(self):

        self.assertEqual(

            map(None, 'hello world'),

            ['h','e','l','l','o',' ','w','o','r','l','d']

        )

        self.assertEqual(

            map(None, 'abcd', 'efg'),

            [('a', 'e'), ('b', 'f'), ('c', 'g'), ('d', None)]

        )

        self.assertEqual(

            map(None, range(10)),

            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

        )

        self.assertEqual(

            map(lambda x: x*x, range(1,4)),

            [1, 4, 9]

        )

        try:

            from math import sqrt

        except ImportError:

            def sqrt(x):

                return pow(x, 0.5)

        self.assertEqual(

            map(lambda x: map(sqrt,x), [[16, 4], [81, 9]]),

            [[4.0, 2.0], [9.0, 3.0]]

        )

        self.assertEqual(

            map(lambda x, y: x+y, [1,3,2], [9,1,4]),

            [10, 4, 6]

        )



        def plus(*v):

            accu = 0

            for i in v: accu = accu + i

            return accu

        self.assertEqual(

            map(plus, [1, 3, 7]),

            [1, 3, 7]

        )

        self.assertEqual(

            map(plus, [1, 3, 7], [4, 9, 2]),

            [1+4, 3+9, 7+2]

        )

        self.assertEqual(

            map(plus, [1, 3, 7], [4, 9, 2], [1, 1, 0]),

            [1+4+1, 3+9+1, 7+2+0]

        )

        self.assertEqual(

            map(None, Squares(10)),

            [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

        )

        self.assertEqual(

            map(int, Squares(10)),

            [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

        )

        self.assertEqual(

            map(None, Squares(3), Squares(2)),

            [(0,0), (1,1), (4,None)]

        )

        self.assertEqual(

            map(max, Squares(3), Squares(2)),

            [0, 1, 4]

        )

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, map)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, map, lambda x: x, 42)

        self.assertEqual(map(None, [42]), [42])

        class BadSeq:

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                raise ValueError

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, map, lambda x: x, BadSeq())

        def badfunc(x):

            raise RuntimeError

        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, map, badfunc, range(5))



    def test_max(self):

        self.assertEqual(max('123123'), '3')

        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, 3), 3)

        self.assertEqual(max((1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)), 3)

        self.assertEqual(max([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]), 3)



        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2L, 3.0), 3.0)

        self.assertEqual(max(1L, 2.0, 3), 3)

        self.assertEqual(max(1.0, 2, 3L), 3L)



        for stmt in (

            "max(key=int)",                 # no args

            "max(1, key=int)",              # single arg not iterable

            "max(1, 2, keystone=int)",      # wrong keyword

            "max(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)",  # two many keywords

            "max(1, 2, key=1)",             # keyfunc is not callable

            ):

            try:

                exec(stmt) in globals()

            except TypeError:

                pass

            else:

                self.fail(stmt)



        self.assertEqual(max((1,), key=neg), 1)     # one elem iterable

        self.assertEqual(max((1,2), key=neg), 1)    # two elem iterable

        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, key=neg), 1)     # two elems



        data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)]

        keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data)

        f = keys.__getitem__

        self.assertEqual(max(data, key=f),

                         sorted(reversed(data), key=f)[-1])



    def test_min(self):

        self.assertEqual(min('123123'), '1')

        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, 3), 1)

        self.assertEqual(min((1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)), 1)

        self.assertEqual(min([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]), 1)



        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2L, 3.0), 1)

        self.assertEqual(min(1L, 2.0, 3), 1L)

        self.assertEqual(min(1.0, 2, 3L), 1.0)



        self.assertRaises(TypeError, min)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, min, 42)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, ())

        class BadSeq:

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                raise ValueError

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, BadSeq())

        class BadNumber:

            def __cmp__(self, other):

                raise ValueError

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, (42, BadNumber()))



        for stmt in (

            "min(key=int)",                 # no args

            "min(1, key=int)",              # single arg not iterable

            "min(1, 2, keystone=int)",      # wrong keyword

            "min(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)",  # two many keywords

            "min(1, 2, key=1)",             # keyfunc is not callable

            ):

            try:

                exec(stmt) in globals()

            except TypeError:

                pass

            else:

                self.fail(stmt)



        self.assertEqual(min((1,), key=neg), 1)     # one elem iterable

        self.assertEqual(min((1,2), key=neg), 2)    # two elem iterable

        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, key=neg), 2)     # two elems



        data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)]

        keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data)

        f = keys.__getitem__

        self.assertEqual(min(data, key=f),

                         sorted(data, key=f)[0])



    def test_next(self):

        it = iter(range(2))

        self.assertEqual(next(it), 0)

        self.assertEqual(next(it), 1)

        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)

        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)

        self.assertEquals(next(it, 42), 42)



        class Iter(object):

            def __iter__(self):

                return self

            def next(self):

                raise StopIteration



        it = iter(Iter())

        self.assertEquals(next(it, 42), 42)

        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)



        def gen():

            yield 1

            return



        it = gen()

        self.assertEquals(next(it), 1)

        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)

        self.assertEquals(next(it, 42), 42)



    def test_oct(self):

        self.assertEqual(oct(100), '0144')

        self.assertEqual(oct(100L), '0144L')

        self.assertEqual(oct(-100), '-0144')

        self.assertEqual(oct(-100L), '-0144L')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, oct, ())



    def write_testfile(self):

        # NB the first 4 lines are also used to test input and raw_input, below

        fp = open(TESTFN, 'w')

        try:

            fp.write('1+1\n')

            fp.write('1+1\n')

            fp.write('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')

            fp.write('.\n')

            fp.write('Dear John\n')

            fp.write('XXX'*100)

            fp.write('YYY'*100)

        finally:

            fp.close()



    def test_open(self):

        self.write_testfile()

        fp = open(TESTFN, 'r')

        try:

            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), '1+1\n')

            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), '1+1\n')

            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\n')

            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), 'Dear')

            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(100), ' John\n')

            self.assertEqual(fp.read(300), 'XXX'*100)

            self.assertEqual(fp.read(1000), 'YYY'*100)

        finally:

            fp.close()

        unlink(TESTFN)



    def test_ord(self):

        self.assertEqual(ord(' '), 32)

        self.assertEqual(ord('A'), 65)

        self.assertEqual(ord('a'), 97)

        if have_unicode:

            self.assertEqual(ord(unichr(sys.maxunicode)), sys.maxunicode)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ord, 42)

        if have_unicode:

            self.assertRaises(TypeError, ord, unicode("12"))



    def test_pow(self):

        self.assertEqual(pow(0,0), 1)

        self.assertEqual(pow(0,1), 0)

        self.assertEqual(pow(1,0), 1)

        self.assertEqual(pow(1,1), 1)



        self.assertEqual(pow(2,0), 1)

        self.assertEqual(pow(2,10), 1024)

        self.assertEqual(pow(2,20), 1024*1024)

        self.assertEqual(pow(2,30), 1024*1024*1024)



        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,0), 1)

        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,1), -2)

        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,2), 4)

        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,3), -8)



        self.assertEqual(pow(0L,0), 1)

        self.assertEqual(pow(0L,1), 0)

        self.assertEqual(pow(1L,0), 1)

        self.assertEqual(pow(1L,1), 1)



        self.assertEqual(pow(2L,0), 1)

        self.assertEqual(pow(2L,10), 1024)

        self.assertEqual(pow(2L,20), 1024*1024)

        self.assertEqual(pow(2L,30), 1024*1024*1024)



        self.assertEqual(pow(-2L,0), 1)

        self.assertEqual(pow(-2L,1), -2)

        self.assertEqual(pow(-2L,2), 4)

        self.assertEqual(pow(-2L,3), -8)



        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(0.,0), 1.)

        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(0.,1), 0.)

        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(1.,0), 1.)

        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(1.,1), 1.)



        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,0), 1.)

        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,10), 1024.)

        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,20), 1024.*1024.)

        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,30), 1024.*1024.*1024.)



        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,0), 1.)

        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,1), -2.)

        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,2), 4.)

        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,3), -8.)



        for x in 2, 2L, 2.0:

            for y in 10, 10L, 10.0:

                for z in 1000, 1000L, 1000.0:

                    if isinstance(x, float) or \

                       isinstance(y, float) or \

                       isinstance(z, float):

                        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, x, y, z)

                    else:

                        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(x, y, z), 24.0)



        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, -1, -2, 3)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, 1, 2, 0)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, -1L, -2L, 3L)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, 1L, 2L, 0L)

        # Will return complex in 3.0:

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, -342.43, 0.234)



        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow)



    def test_range(self):

        self.assertEqual(range(3), [0, 1, 2])

        self.assertEqual(range(1, 5), [1, 2, 3, 4])

        self.assertEqual(range(0), [])

        self.assertEqual(range(-3), [])

        self.assertEqual(range(1, 10, 3), [1, 4, 7])

        self.assertEqual(range(5, -5, -3), [5, 2, -1, -4])



        # Now test range() with longs

        self.assertEqual(range(-2**100), [])

        self.assertEqual(range(0, -2**100), [])

        self.assertEqual(range(0, 2**100, -1), [])

        self.assertEqual(range(0, 2**100, -1), [])



        a = long(10 * sys.maxint)

        b = long(100 * sys.maxint)

        c = long(50 * sys.maxint)



        self.assertEqual(range(a, a+2), [a, a+1])

        self.assertEqual(range(a+2, a, -1L), [a+2, a+1])

        self.assertEqual(range(a+4, a, -2), [a+4, a+2])



        seq = range(a, b, c)

        self.assert_(a in seq)

        self.assert_(b not in seq)

        self.assertEqual(len(seq), 2)



        seq = range(b, a, -c)

        self.assert_(b in seq)

        self.assert_(a not in seq)

        self.assertEqual(len(seq), 2)



        seq = range(-a, -b, -c)

        self.assert_(-a in seq)

        self.assert_(-b not in seq)

        self.assertEqual(len(seq), 2)



        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 1, 2, 3, 4)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, range, 1, 2, 0)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, range, a, a + 1, long(0))



        class badzero(int):

            def __cmp__(self, other):

                raise RuntimeError

            __hash__ = None # Invalid cmp makes this unhashable

        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, range, a, a + 1, badzero(1))



        # Reject floats when it would require PyLongs to represent.

        # (smaller floats still accepted, but deprecated)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 1e100, 1e101, 1e101)



        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, "spam")

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 42, "spam")



        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, range, -sys.maxint, sys.maxint)

        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, range, 0, 2*sys.maxint)



    def test_input_and_raw_input(self):

        self.write_testfile()

        fp = open(TESTFN, 'r')

        savestdin = sys.stdin

        savestdout = sys.stdout # Eats the echo

        try:

            sys.stdin = fp

            sys.stdout = BitBucket()

            self.assertEqual(input(), 2)

            self.assertEqual(input('testing\n'), 2)

            self.assertEqual(raw_input(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.')

            self.assertEqual(raw_input('testing\n'), 'Dear John')



            # SF 1535165: don't segfault on closed stdin

            # sys.stdout must be a regular file for triggering

            sys.stdout = savestdout

            sys.stdin.close()

            self.assertRaises(ValueError, input)



            sys.stdout = BitBucket()

            sys.stdin = cStringIO.StringIO("NULL\0")

            self.assertRaises(TypeError, input, 42, 42)

            sys.stdin = cStringIO.StringIO("    'whitespace'")

            self.assertEqual(input(), 'whitespace')

            sys.stdin = cStringIO.StringIO()

            self.assertRaises(EOFError, input)



            # SF 876178: make sure input() respect future options.

            sys.stdin = cStringIO.StringIO('1/2')

            sys.stdout = cStringIO.StringIO()

            exec compile('print input()', 'test_builtin_tmp', 'exec')

            sys.stdin.seek(0, 0)

            exec compile('from __future__ import division;print input()',

                         'test_builtin_tmp', 'exec')

            sys.stdin.seek(0, 0)

            exec compile('print input()', 'test_builtin_tmp', 'exec')

            # The result we expect depends on whether new division semantics

            # are already in effect.

            if 1/2 == 0:

                # This test was compiled with old semantics.

                expected = ['0', '0.5', '0']

            else:

                # This test was compiled with new semantics (e.g., -Qnew

                # was given on the command line.

                expected = ['0.5', '0.5', '0.5']

            self.assertEqual(sys.stdout.getvalue().splitlines(), expected)



            del sys.stdout

            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, input, 'prompt')

            del sys.stdin

            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, input, 'prompt')

        finally:

            sys.stdin = savestdin

            sys.stdout = savestdout

            fp.close()

            unlink(TESTFN)



    def test_reduce(self):

        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, ['a', 'b', 'c'], ''), 'abc')

        self.assertEqual(

            reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [['a', 'c'], [], ['d', 'w']], []),

            ['a','c','d','w']

        )

        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, range(2,8), 1), 5040)

        self.assertEqual(

            reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, range(2,21), 1L),

            2432902008176640000L

        )

        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, Squares(10)), 285)

        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, Squares(10), 0), 285)

        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, Squares(0), 0), 0)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, 42)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, 42, 42)

        self.assertEqual(reduce(42, "1"), "1") # func is never called with one item

        self.assertEqual(reduce(42, "", "1"), "1") # func is never called with one item

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, (42, 42))



        class BadSeq:

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                raise ValueError

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, reduce, 42, BadSeq())



    def test_reload(self):

        import marshal

        reload(marshal)

        import string

        reload(string)

        ## import sys

        ## self.assertRaises(ImportError, reload, sys)



    def test_repr(self):

        self.assertEqual(repr(''), '\'\'')

        self.assertEqual(repr(0), '0')

        self.assertEqual(repr(0L), '0L')

        self.assertEqual(repr(()), '()')

        self.assertEqual(repr([]), '[]')

        self.assertEqual(repr({}), '{}')

        a = []

        a.append(a)

        self.assertEqual(repr(a), '[[...]]')

        a = {}

        a[0] = a

        self.assertEqual(repr(a), '{0: {...}}')



    def test_round(self):

        self.assertEqual(round(0.0), 0.0)

        self.assertEqual(type(round(0.0)), float)  # Will be int in 3.0.

        self.assertEqual(round(1.0), 1.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(10.0), 10.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(1000000000.0), 1000000000.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(1e20), 1e20)



        self.assertEqual(round(-1.0), -1.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(-10.0), -10.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(-1000000000.0), -1000000000.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(-1e20), -1e20)



        self.assertEqual(round(0.1), 0.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(1.1), 1.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(10.1), 10.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(1000000000.1), 1000000000.0)



        self.assertEqual(round(-1.1), -1.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(-10.1), -10.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(-1000000000.1), -1000000000.0)



        self.assertEqual(round(0.9), 1.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(9.9), 10.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(999999999.9), 1000000000.0)



        self.assertEqual(round(-0.9), -1.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(-9.9), -10.0)

        self.assertEqual(round(-999999999.9), -1000000000.0)



        self.assertEqual(round(-8.0, -1), -10.0)

        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, -1)), float)



        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, 0)), float)

        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, 1)), float)



        # Check half rounding behaviour.

        self.assertEqual(round(5.5), 6)

        self.assertEqual(round(6.5), 7)

        self.assertEqual(round(-5.5), -6)

        self.assertEqual(round(-6.5), -7)



        # Check behavior on ints

        self.assertEqual(round(0), 0)

        self.assertEqual(round(8), 8)

        self.assertEqual(round(-8), -8)

        self.assertEqual(type(round(0)), float)  # Will be int in 3.0.

        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, -1)), float)

        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, 0)), float)

        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, 1)), float)



        # test new kwargs

        self.assertEqual(round(number=-8.0, ndigits=-1), -10.0)



        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round)



        # test generic rounding delegation for reals

        class TestRound(object):

            def __float__(self):

                return 23.0



        class TestNoRound(object):

            pass



        self.assertEqual(round(TestRound()), 23)



        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, 1, 2, 3)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, TestNoRound())



        t = TestNoRound()

        t.__float__ = lambda *args: args

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, t)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, t, 0)



    def test_setattr(self):

        setattr(sys, 'spam', 1)

        self.assertEqual(sys.spam, 1)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, sys, 1, 'spam')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr)



    def test_sum(self):

        self.assertEqual(sum([]), 0)

        self.assertEqual(sum(range(2,8)), 27)

        self.assertEqual(sum(iter(range(2,8))), 27)

        self.assertEqual(sum(Squares(10)), 285)

        self.assertEqual(sum(iter(Squares(10))), 285)

        self.assertEqual(sum([[1], [2], [3]], []), [1, 2, 3])



        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, 42)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, ['a', 'b', 'c'])

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, ['a', 'b', 'c'], '')

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [[1], [2], [3]])

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [{2:3}])

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [{2:3}]*2, {2:3})



        class BadSeq:

            def __getitem__(self, index):

                raise ValueError

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, sum, BadSeq())



    def test_type(self):

        self.assertEqual(type(''),  type('123'))

        self.assertNotEqual(type(''), type(()))



    def test_unichr(self):

        if have_unicode:

            self.assertEqual(unichr(32), unicode(' '))

            self.assertEqual(unichr(65), unicode('A'))

            self.assertEqual(unichr(97), unicode('a'))

            self.assertEqual(

                unichr(sys.maxunicode),

                unicode('\\U%08x' % (sys.maxunicode), 'unicode-escape')

            )

            self.assertRaises(ValueError, unichr, sys.maxunicode+1)

            self.assertRaises(TypeError, unichr)

            self.assertRaises((OverflowError, ValueError), unichr, 2**32)



    # We don't want self in vars(), so these are static methods



    @staticmethod

    def get_vars_f0():

        return vars()



    @staticmethod

    def get_vars_f2():

        BuiltinTest.get_vars_f0()

        a = 1

        b = 2

        return vars()



    def test_vars(self):

        self.assertEqual(set(vars()), set(dir()))

        import sys

        self.assertEqual(set(vars(sys)), set(dir(sys)))

        self.assertEqual(self.get_vars_f0(), {})

        self.assertEqual(self.get_vars_f2(), {'a': 1, 'b': 2})

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vars, 42, 42)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vars, 42)



    def test_zip(self):

        a = (1, 2, 3)

        b = (4, 5, 6)

        t = [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]

        self.assertEqual(zip(a, b), t)

        b = [4, 5, 6]

        self.assertEqual(zip(a, b), t)

        b = (4, 5, 6, 7)

        self.assertEqual(zip(a, b), t)

        class I:

            def __getitem__(self, i):

                if i < 0 or i > 2: raise IndexError

                return i + 4

        self.assertEqual(zip(a, I()), t)

        self.assertEqual(zip(), [])

        self.assertEqual(zip(*[]), [])

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, zip, None)

        class G:

            pass

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, zip, a, G())



        # Make sure zip doesn't try to allocate a billion elements for the

        # result list when one of its arguments doesn't say how long it is.

        # A MemoryError is the most likely failure mode.

        class SequenceWithoutALength:

            def __getitem__(self, i):

                if i == 5:

                    raise IndexError

                else:

                    return i

        self.assertEqual(

            zip(SequenceWithoutALength(), xrange(2**30)),

            list(enumerate(range(5)))

        )



        class BadSeq:

            def __getitem__(self, i):

                if i == 5:

                    raise ValueError

                else:

                    return i

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, zip, BadSeq(), BadSeq())



    def test_format(self):

        # Test the basic machinery of the format() builtin.  Don't test

        #  the specifics of the various formatters

        self.assertEqual(format(3, ''), '3')



        # Returns some classes to use for various tests.  There's

        #  an old-style version, and a new-style version

        def classes_new():

            class A(object):

                def __init__(self, x):

                    self.x = x

                def __format__(self, format_spec):

                    return str(self.x) + format_spec

            class DerivedFromA(A):

                pass



            class Simple(object): pass

            class DerivedFromSimple(Simple):

                def __init__(self, x):

                    self.x = x

                def __format__(self, format_spec):

                    return str(self.x) + format_spec

            class DerivedFromSimple2(DerivedFromSimple): pass

            return A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2



        # In 3.0, classes_classic has the same meaning as classes_new

        def classes_classic():

            class A:

                def __init__(self, x):

                    self.x = x

                def __format__(self, format_spec):

                    return str(self.x) + format_spec

            class DerivedFromA(A):

                pass



            class Simple: pass

            class DerivedFromSimple(Simple):

                def __init__(self, x):

                    self.x = x

                def __format__(self, format_spec):

                    return str(self.x) + format_spec

            class DerivedFromSimple2(DerivedFromSimple): pass

            return A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2



        def class_test(A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2):

            self.assertEqual(format(A(3), 'spec'), '3spec')

            self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromA(4), 'spec'), '4spec')

            self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromSimple(5), 'abc'), '5abc')

            self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromSimple2(10), 'abcdef'),

                             '10abcdef')



        class_test(*classes_new())

        class_test(*classes_classic())



        def empty_format_spec(value):

            # test that:

            #  format(x, '') == str(x)

            #  format(x) == str(x)

            self.assertEqual(format(value, ""), str(value))

            self.assertEqual(format(value), str(value))



        # for builtin types, format(x, "") == str(x)

        empty_format_spec(17**13)

        empty_format_spec(1.0)

        empty_format_spec(3.1415e104)

        empty_format_spec(-3.1415e104)

        empty_format_spec(3.1415e-104)

        empty_format_spec(-3.1415e-104)

        empty_format_spec(object)

        empty_format_spec(None)



        # TypeError because self.__format__ returns the wrong type

        class BadFormatResult:

            def __format__(self, format_spec):

                return 1.0

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, BadFormatResult(), "")



        # TypeError because format_spec is not unicode or str

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, object(), 4)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, object(), object())



        # tests for object.__format__ really belong elsewhere, but

        #  there's no good place to put them

        x = object().__format__('')

        self.assert_(x.startswith('<object object at'))



        # first argument to object.__format__ must be string

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, 3)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, object())

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, None)



        # make sure we can take a subclass of str as a format spec

        class DerivedFromStr(str): pass

        self.assertEqual(format(0, DerivedFromStr('10')), '         0')



    def test_bin(self):

        self.assertEqual(bin(0), '0b0')

        self.assertEqual(bin(1), '0b1')

        self.assertEqual(bin(-1), '-0b1')

        self.assertEqual(bin(2**65), '0b1' + '0' * 65)

        self.assertEqual(bin(2**65-1), '0b' + '1' * 65)

        self.assertEqual(bin(-(2**65)), '-0b1' + '0' * 65)

        self.assertEqual(bin(-(2**65-1)), '-0b' + '1' * 65)



    def test_bytearray_translate(self):

        x = bytearray("abc")

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, x.translate, "1", 1)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, x.translate, "1"*256, 1)



class TestSorted(unittest.TestCase):



    def test_basic(self):

        data = range(100)

        copy = data[:]

        random.shuffle(copy)

        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy))

        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)



        data.reverse()

        random.shuffle(copy)

        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy, cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(y,x)))

        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)

        random.shuffle(copy)

        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy, key=lambda x: -x))

        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)

        random.shuffle(copy)

        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy, reverse=1))

        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)



    def test_inputtypes(self):

        s = 'abracadabra'

        types = [list, tuple]

        if have_unicode:

            types.insert(0, unicode)

        for T in types:

            self.assertEqual(sorted(s), sorted(T(s)))



        s = ''.join(dict.fromkeys(s).keys())  # unique letters only

        types = [set, frozenset, list, tuple, dict.fromkeys]

        if have_unicode:

            types.insert(0, unicode)

        for T in types:

            self.assertEqual(sorted(s), sorted(T(s)))



    def test_baddecorator(self):

        data = 'The quick Brown fox Jumped over The lazy Dog'.split()

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sorted, data, None, lambda x,y: 0)



def test_main(verbose=None):

    test_classes = (BuiltinTest, TestSorted)



    run_unittest(*test_classes)



    # verify reference counting

    if verbose and hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount"):

        import gc

        counts = [None] * 5

        for i in xrange(len(counts)):

            run_unittest(*test_classes)

            gc.collect()

            counts[i] = sys.gettotalrefcount()

        print counts





if __name__ == "__main__":

    test_main(verbose=True)

